Ectopic pregnancy symptoms may begin as the symptoms of common pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg settles and grows in a location other than the lining of the uterus. The majority of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tubes, but they can also occur in the ovary, the cervix and in the abdominal cavity. An ectopic pregnancy occurs in about fifty percent of pregnancies.
Ectopic Pregnancy Symptoms & Their Slow Progression
In the beginning of an ectopic pregnancy, the signs and symptoms are the same as a common pregnancy: missed period, tender breasts, fatigue, nausea and increased urination. However, as the pregnancy progresses, the woman may begin to see light vaginal bleeding and abdominal belly pain (usually about 6 to 8 weeks after the missed period). These signs and symptoms will worsen as the ectopic pregnancy progresses and other symptoms will develop such as:
-Worsening belly or pelvic pain. It may begin as a sharp pain on one side at first, then spread throughout the whole pelvic region
-Heavy or severe vaginal bleeding
-Pain during intercourse or during a pelvic exam
-Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting
-Signs of shock
-Shoulder pain caused by bleeding into the abdomen under the diaphragm.
Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancies
About fifty percent of pregnancies result in ectopic pregnancies. However, there are some things that put a woman at a higher risk of having an ectopic pregnancy:
-Use of an IUD or formal birth control at the time of conception
-History of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-Sexually transmitted diseases
-Congenital abnormality of the fallopian tube
-History of pelvic surgery (scarring may block the fertilized egg from leaving the fallopian tube)
-History of ectopic pregnancies
-Unsuccessful tubal ligation or tubal ligation reversal
-Fertility drugs
-Infertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization
How are Ectopic Pregnancies Treated?
The doctor will run a pregnancy test, perform a pelvic exam and do an ultrasound. Once an ectopic pregnancy has been confirmed, the doctor will decide on the best course of action.
Generally, if the fallopian tube has ruptured, emergency surgery is necessary to stop the bleeding. Sometimes, the fallopian tube and ovary may be so damaged that they must be removed. The doctor may perform a laparoscopic surgery to remove the embryo and repair the damage done to the fallopian tubes and/or the ovary. This procedure is performed by making a small incision in the abdomen and using a thin, flexible instrument to remove the embryo from the fallopian tube.
However, if the fallopian tube has not ruptured, the doctor may perform a laparoscopic surgery to remove the embryo, sometimes leaving the fallopian tube open to heal on its own.
If the ectopic pregnancy is discovered in time, the doctor may be able to prescribe medication that can stop the growth of the pregnancy tissue to prevent damage to the fallopian tube and ovary.
Becoming Pregnant after an Ectopic Pregnancy
Most women who have an ectopic pregnancy can have normal pregnancies, but it is best to allow yourself to heal both physically and emotionally before trying to become pregnant again. Most doctors recommend waiting at least three to six months before trying to conceive again. Ectopic pregnancy comes with a lot of emotional stressors, there are counseling services and support groups that can help you heal emotionally after experiencing an ectopic pregnancy.
Can Ectopic Pregnancies be Prevented
Unfortunately, ectopic pregnancies cannot be prevented, but you can prevent serious complications with early diagnosis and treatment. Know the risk factors of ectopic pregnancies; your doctor should monitor your first few weeks of pregnancy closely. Other things you can do to lower your risk of ectopic pregnancy are to stop smoking, and practice safe sex.
Ectopic pregnancy symptoms should never be ignored or considered a “normal” part of early pregnancy. If you begin to experience any abnormal signs and symptoms, it is best to consult your gynecologist immediately.